This verse, following the narrative of creation and the expulsion of Iblis, emphasizes Allah's immense favor upon humanity. Ibn Kathir highlights that Allah established mankind on Earth, making it a stable dwelling and providing abundant means of sustenance and livelihood. This includes mountains, rivers, rain-bearing clouds, and avenues for commerce and professions.

The key phrase "مَكَّنَّٰكُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ" (We have certainly established you upon the earth) signifies Allah's empowerment of humanity to inhabit and utilize the Earth's resources. "مَعَٰيِشَ" (ways of livelihood) encompasses all forms of sustenance and means to live comfortably.

The theological insight is a reminder of Allah's continuous provision and the inherent ingratitude of most humans, as indicated by "قَلِيلًۭا مَّا تَشْكُرُونَ" (Little are you grateful). This echoes other Quranic verses, like 14:34, which state that Allah's blessings are innumerable, yet humanity remains ungrateful. This verse establishes a fundamental principle: all worldly provisions are from Allah, serving as a test of gratitude. Despite these vast provisions, many choose to focus on worldly gains, neglecting gratitude for divine blessings, a theme reinforced in 42:20 concerning the pursuit of worldly versus eternal rewards. The verse implicitly calls for reflection and appreciation of Allah's boundless grace.

📚 Sources: Classical tafsir (multi-source)